- Breakdown of large complex food molecule into simple small food molecules so that energy can be produced
- 3 Digestion
- Carbs(Starch) > Glucose
- Protein > Amino Acid
- Fat > Fatty Acid/Monoglyceride
Ingestion
- Intake of food
Digestion
- Mouth
- Mechanical Digestion: Chewing & Swallowing
- Chemical Digestion:
- Salaiva + Food = break down composition of food
- Bolus(Semi solid): It is the product of final digestion of our mouth
- Salaiva + Food = break down composition of food
- Stomach
- Starch >> maltose
- Fat >> Diglyceride
- Protein >> peptide
- Chyme(Semi liquid): It is the product of final digestion of our Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Maltose >> Glucose
- Diglyceride >> Fatty acid & Monoglyceride
- Peptide >> Amino Acid
- Chyle: It is the product of final digestion of our Small Intestine
Absorption & Assimilation
- Absorption: mixing of food into blood through intestine
- Assimilation: Transportation of nutrients and energy throughout the body
Egestion
- Removal of solid waste
Digestive System
- Mouth-Anus: Alimentary Cabal
- 9m/30ft
- Small Intestine: (6.25-7)m/22ft
- Large Intestine: (1.5-1.8)m./5ft
- Esophagus: 25 cm
- 9m/30ft
Buccal Cavity
- Mouth
- Digestion starts from here
- Teeth
- Study of Teeth: odontology
- It helps in the mechanical digestion of the food.
- Calcium(rigidity) + Phosphorus(formation) + Florine
- Crown(1/3rd): The visible part of the tooth above the gumline.
- Enamel:
- It is the hardest part of our body
- It is the opper covering of our teeth
- Florine provide protection to Enamel.
- Florine low = Teeth decay
- Florine High = Fluorosis
- Source of Florine: Water & Tea
- Dentin
- Enamel:
- Root(2/3rd): The portion of the tooth below the gumline that anchors the tooth into the jawbone.
- Pulp: pulp is the jelly-like center of each tooth. It contains nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue
- Types of teeth:
- Inscisor(8): Cutting
- Canine(4): Tearing
- Carnivorous: Canine long/hard
- Pre-Molar(8): Grind
- Molar(12): Grind
- Wisdom Teeth
- Milk teath/Decidous teeth/Temporary Teeth: 20
- Inscisor: 8
- Canine: 4
- Pre-Molar: 0
- Molar: 8
- Elephant Teeth: 2nd Inscisor
- Salivary
- Exocrine Gland
- 3 pairs
- Parotid Gland
- It is the largest Salivary gland
- Present near the ear
- Sub-mandibular Gland
- Present below loer jaw
- maximum salaiva produced by this gland.
- Sub-lingual Gland
- It is the smallest Salivary gland
- Present below tounge
- Parotid Gland
- Sliva PH: 6.8(Slightly-Acidic)
- Sliva Component
- Water(90-95)%
- Enzyme
- Lysozyme: Work as anticeptic
- Salivary Amylase(Ptyalin): digest carbs
- Salivary Lipase: digest fat
- Immuno Proteen
- Minerals(Ca, K, Na)
- Tongue
- It helps in the mixing of saliva into food
- It provide lubrication to food
Oesophagus
- It helps in the transportation of Bolus from Mouth to Stomach by Peristalsis motion.
- Epiglottis: It is a valce like structure which preventing food and liquid from entering your lungs.
Stomach
- Shape: J -Shape
- PH: (1.3-3.5)=Highly acidic(HCL)
- Function of HCL
- It kills the germs
- It helps in the formation of Gastric Juice
- It helps in the activation of Pepsin & Rennin enzyme
- Pepsinogen(inactive form) + HCl = Pepsin
- Juice
- Gastric Juice
- PH: PH: (1.3-3.5)/Highly acidic
- Composition:
- HCL
- Pepsin Enzyme: Digest Protien & helps in Blood Cloting
- Gastric Enzyme: Digest Fat
- Rennin Enzyme: Digest Milk
- Gastric Juice
- Accessory Gland
- Liver
- Mixed Gland
- Largest gland
- Largest internal organ
- 2nd largest organ after skin
- Colour: Dark red brown colour
- Position: Right of abdomen side
- It has maximum regeneration power.
- Minimum regeneration: Neuron
- Urea synthesis take place in Liver
- Bile Juice
- Formed in Liver
- Stored in Gall Blader
- PH: (7.5-8.2)/Basic
- Emulsification of Fat
- No Digestion Enzyme formed here
- Pancreas
- Mixed Gland
- Hormone:
- Insuline
- Glucagon
- Somatostatin
- All three hormone help in metabolism, not digestion
- Juice
- Pancreatic
- PH:(7.5-8.5)/Basic
- Composition
- Pancreatic Amylase: Digest Crabs
- Pancreatic Lipase: Digest Fat
- Trypsin: Digest Protein
- Chymotrypsin: Digest Protein
- Pancreatic
- Liver
- Absorbption Gland
- Small Intestine:
- (90-95)% absorbption
- Starch(Glucose)
- Protein(Amino Acid)
- Fat
- Vitamins expect Vitamin K, B, B2, B12
- Final digestion of food take place in here.
- Enzyme
- Maltase: Digest maltose
- Lactase: Digest Lactose
- Peptidase: Digest Protien
- Erepsin: Digest Protien
- Intestinal lipase: Digest Fat
- Parts:
- Duodenum
- Bile duct and Pancreatic duct are connected to this part
- Maximum food digest in this part
- Jejunum
- Final digestion of food take place in here
- ileum
- Maximum Absorbption take place in this part of small intestine.
- It connects small intestine and large intestine.
- Duodenum
- (90-95)% absorbption
- Large Intestine
- (5-10)% absorbption
- Water
- Vitamin K, B, B2, B12
- NA, K, Ca
- Drugs(Medicine, Caffine)
- Formanted Carbs(Alcohol)
- Parts:
- Caecum
- Absorption
- Appendix
- No role in our body
- Vestigial Organ
- Colon
- Absorption
- Largest Part
- Rectum
- Formation & Storage of Solid waste
- Anus
- Solid waste exit
- Caecum
- No Digestion Enzyme formed here(Liver also)
- (5-10)% absorbption
- Small Intestine:
Enzymes of Digestion
- Carbs(Starch)>
- Salivary Amylase(Ptyalin): Formed from Slivary Gland
- Pancreatic Amylase: Formed from Pancreas
- Diastase enzymes: The group of Enzyme, which converts Polysaccharides into Oligosaccharides.
- Stomach(Maltose)>>
- Maltase: Formed from Small Intestine cell
- Small Intestine (Glocose)|||
- Protein(Polypeptide )>
- Pepsin: Formed from Stomach
- Trypsin: Formed from Pancreas
- Chymotrypsin: Formed from Pancreas
- Proteolytic enzymes: The group of Enzyme, which converts polypeptide into peptide
- Peptide
- Erepsin: Formed from Small Intentise cell
- Peptidase: Small Intentise cell
- Small Intestine(Amino Acid)
- Fat(Lipid)>
- Salivary Lipase: Formed from Slivary Gland
- Gastric Lipase: Formed from Stomach
- Pancreatic Lipase: Formed from pancreas
- Diglyceride>>
- Intestinal Lipase
- Small Intestine(Monoglyceride/Fatty Acid)|||
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